Borrado de la pantalla - Windows Console (2024)

Hay tres maneras de borrar la pantalla en una aplicación de consola.

Ejemplo 1

El primer método consiste en configurar la aplicación para las secuencias de salida del terminal virtual y, a continuación, llamar al comando "borrar pantalla".

#include <windows.h>int main(void){ HANDLE hStdOut; hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); // Fetch existing console mode so we correctly add a flag and not turn off others DWORD mode = 0; if (!GetConsoleMode(hStdOut, &mode)) { return ::GetLastError(); } // Hold original mode to restore on exit to be cooperative with other command-line apps. const DWORD originalMode = mode; mode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING; // Try to set the mode. if (!SetConsoleMode(hStdOut, mode)) { return ::GetLastError(); } // Write the sequence for clearing the display. DWORD written = 0; PCWSTR sequence = L"\x1b[2J"; if (!WriteConsoleW(hStdOut, sequence, (DWORD)wcslen(sequence), &written, NULL)) { // If we fail, try to restore the mode on the way out. SetConsoleMode(hStdOut, originalMode); return ::GetLastError(); } // To also clear the scroll back, emit L"\x1b[3J" as well. // 2J only clears the visible window and 3J only clears the scroll back. // Restore the mode on the way out to be nice to other command-line applications. SetConsoleMode(hStdOut, originalMode); return 0;}

Puede encontrar variaciones adicionales de este comando en la documentación de secuencias de terminal virtual en Borrar en pantalla.

Ejemplo 2

El segundo método consiste en escribir una función para desplazar el contenido de la pantalla o el búfer y establecer un relleno para el espacio revelado.

Esto coincide con el comportamiento del símbolo del sistema cmd.exe.

#include <windows.h>void cls(HANDLE hConsole){ CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi; SMALL_RECT scrollRect; COORD scrollTarget; CHAR_INFO fill; // Get the number of character cells in the current buffer. if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsole, &csbi)) { return; } // Scroll the rectangle of the entire buffer. scrollRect.Left = 0; scrollRect.Top = 0; scrollRect.Right = csbi.dwSize.X; scrollRect.Bottom = csbi.dwSize.Y; // Scroll it upwards off the top of the buffer with a magnitude of the entire height. scrollTarget.X = 0; scrollTarget.Y = (SHORT)(0 - csbi.dwSize.Y); // Fill with empty spaces with the buffer's default text attribute. fill.Char.UnicodeChar = TEXT(' '); fill.Attributes = csbi.wAttributes; // Do the scroll ScrollConsoleScreenBuffer(hConsole, &scrollRect, NULL, scrollTarget, &fill); // Move the cursor to the top left corner too. csbi.dwCursorPosition.X = 0; csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y = 0; SetConsoleCursorPosition(hConsole, csbi.dwCursorPosition);}int main(void){ HANDLE hStdout; hStdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); cls(hStdout); return 0;}

Ejemplo 3

El tercer método consiste en escribir una función para borrar mediante programación la pantalla con las funciones FillConsoleOutputCharacter y FillConsoleOutputAttribute.

Esta técnica se muestra en el ejemplo de código siguiente.

#include <windows.h>void cls(HANDLE hConsole){ COORD coordScreen = { 0, 0 }; // home for the cursor DWORD cCharsWritten; CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi; DWORD dwConSize; // Get the number of character cells in the current buffer. if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsole, &csbi)) { return; } dwConSize = csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y; // Fill the entire screen with blanks. if (!FillConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, // Handle to console screen buffer (TCHAR)' ', // Character to write to the buffer dwConSize, // Number of cells to write coordScreen, // Coordinates of first cell &cCharsWritten)) // Receive number of characters written { return; } // Get the current text attribute. if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsole, &csbi)) { return; } // Set the buffer's attributes accordingly. if (!FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hConsole, // Handle to console screen buffer csbi.wAttributes, // Character attributes to use dwConSize, // Number of cells to set attribute coordScreen, // Coordinates of first cell &cCharsWritten)) // Receive number of characters written { return; } // Put the cursor at its home coordinates. SetConsoleCursorPosition(hConsole, coordScreen);}int main(void){ HANDLE hStdout; hStdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); cls(hStdout); return 0;}